Different Types of Paths

There are two options

* Absolute Paths
Link uses the full URL of an object or page. While you can use it within your own site, there is rarely ever a need to do so.

* Relative Paths
Any time you need to send a visitor to another page within your site or include an object from your site (like an image) on one of your pages a relative link will work just fine.

- Document Relative
It is the most widely used type of relative linking, and for good reason. They can easily move up and down your site's hierarchy, in and out of directories (folders) without a hitch.
eg:OPEN img src="images/title.gif" CLOSE
See the above image instead of the products page being in the same directory as the home page it is actually located in a subdirectory. You still need to include the images in the page but the page is in a directory (folder) deeper than the root level of your site.
As you can see you need to move up and out of the products directory in order to get to the images folder in order to access the needed images
eg:OPEN img src="../images/title.gif" CLOSE

- Root Relative
A site root-relative path describes the location of the destination file by describing the route the browser must take from the Web site's root folder (top level in the folder structure).
eg:OPEN img src="/html/images/image1.gif" CLOSE
"/" denotes root directory
You just need to use the System.Web.VirtualPathUtility.ToAbsolute("~") method to convert the ~ to the ApplicationPath.So, if your file is located at "~/common/images/spacer.gif" and you need to specify this path in a client tag like OPEN img CLOSE, ASP.NET would not allow you to use this path unless you use a Server Control like OPEN asp:Image CLOSE.
To continue using the client tag you can use:
OPEN img src="OPEN %=System.Web.VirtualPathUtility.ToAbsolute("~")%CLOSE /common/images/spacer.gif" / CLOSE
and this would be resolved to "/MyApplication/common/images/spacer.gif" where the first forward slash (/) stands for the WebSite root. Thus, the tilde "~" is effectively resolved to "/MyApplication"
Alternatively, Control.ResolveClientUrl can be used. For example
OPEN img src='<%= ResolveClientUrl("~/common/images/spacer.gif")%>' / CLOSE

Server.Transfer Vs Response.Redirect

* Response.Redirect
-It involves a roundtrip to the server.
-you cannot directly access the values, controls and properties of the previous page.
-Suppose you are currently on the Page1.aspx and now you are transferring the user to the Page2.aspx using Response.Redirect then When the Page2 page is requested, Page1 has been flushed from the server’s memory and no information can be retrieved about it unless the developer explicitly saved the information using some technique like session, cookie, application, cache etc
-Response.Redirect can be used for both .aspx and html pages
-Response.Redirect can be used to redirect a user to an external websites.
* Server.Transfer
-It conserves/Preserves server resources by avoiding the roundtrip.
-you can directly access the values, controls and properties of the previous page which you can’t do with Response.Redirect.
-variables can stay in scope and Page2 can read properties directly from Page1 because it’s still in memory, as you know the Server.Transfer just changes the focus from page1 to page2 So in this case browser doesn’t know that any change is happen there that’s why with this method you can access the information about the previous page.
-Server.Transfer can be used only for .aspx pages and is specific to ASP and ASP.NET.
-Server.Transfer can be used only on sites running on the same server. You cannot use Server.Transfer to redirect the user to a page running on a different server.
- you can put values into the Context.Items dictionary for using these values in next page.
eg.
Context.Items["Message"] = "Your password was changed successfully";
Server.Transfer("default.aspx");

Webssite Vs. Web Application

* Fundamentally the behavior of the application types is same but website project type is folder based and WebApp is project type like normal project types in VS studio.In WebApplication project type project file defines the structure of the project.

* WebSite project type contains the folders and anything that you put in the folder are dynamically compiled and be part in the website. More about ASP.NET Website Dynamic compilation here.

* WebApplication project type contains the designer for the ASPX page and you can find the bin folder which contains the compiled assembly.

ASP.NET website project type is dynamic and WebApp is more like structured.

* When you add a class file to the website project it will prompt you that it will place the file in App_code folder under root.
Notice In website project type namespace won't add to the class by default however you can define the namespaces explicitly where as in WebApp it creates the namespace for the class file when you added it to the project.

* WebApp project type is restricted to one language where as Website you can add different language files to the App_Code folder which compiles the files dynamically.

* Referring a user control in WebApp is straight forward.You can define the properties and can be accessed in class files like any other objects where as in website it is not.

* We can put multiple language files in the Website but those files needs to be in same folder. If you change the location of the file then you need to mention in the Web.Config file as follows..
OpnAngl codeSubDirectories ClosAngl
OpnAngl add directory Name="Testfolder"/ClosAngl
OpnAngl /codeSubDirectories ClosAngl
In compilation process you will have the finer degree of control in WebApp and it is not in Website because everything is dynamically compiled.

* When you deploy the WebApps you can just copy the Compiled Assembly and Visual elements to the IIS folder where as in Website you need to copy everything to the IIS to work.

* If you use WebApplication project you can not access Profie at design time
Web site
No solution or project files are required and the pages and source can reside locally (file system, IIS) or remotely (FTP, WebDev/FrontPage extensions) via the File > Open > Web Site… menu option.

Code-behind and classes are typically stored on the web server which compiles them in-memory on demand. Changes can be made to the files without restarting the application and losing sessions.

Web Appli
Like the name implies these are primarily for web applications, those times when you have written a product or solution that happens to have a web interface.

Web application projects exist on your local drive and are treated like any other VS project type and can be added to existing solutions are subject to full compilation, validation and build steps.

Deployment is typically via MSI installers however you can also utilise the addition Web Deployment Projects add-in which allows you to deployment directly to servers which is useful for deploying to test environments.

Project-vs-Product

Product:
Product is, a company that develop and releases Hardware, Middleware, Operating system, Languages, Tools etc are becomes the product. They develop the products for global clients i.e. there are no specific clients for them. Here the requirements are gathered from market and analyze that with some experts and start to develop the product. After developing the products they try to market it as a solution. Here the end users are more than one. Product development is never ending process and customization is possible.

Project:
Project is finding solution to a particular problem to a particular client. It depends on the product. By using the products like Hardware, Middleware, Operating system, Languages and Tools only we will develop a project. Here the requirements are gathered from the client and analyze with that client and start to develop the project. Here the end user is one.

Project--Placing the order before manufacturing process
Product--Placing the order after manufacturing process

PRODUCTS
1 Here the requirements are gathered from market survey.
2 Develop the application for Global clients
3 Products are depends on products
4 End users are more than one
5 Never ending process
PROJECTS
1 Here the requirements are gathered from particular client
2 Develop the application for particular client
3 Projects are depends on products
4 End user is one
5 Once developed it will be finished

SQL Profiler

SQL Profiler captures SQL Server events from a server. The events are saved in a trace file that can be used to analyze and diagnose problem.

The different purposes of using SQL Profiler are:
*It is used to find the cause of the problem by stepping through problem queries.
*It is very useful to analyze the cause of slow running queries.
*It can be used to tune workload of the SQL server.
*It also stores security-related actions that can be reviewed by a security administrator.
*SQL Profiler also supports auditing the actions performed on instances of SQL Server.
*Saved traces can be used by the SQL Server Index Tuning.
*It is also possible to sort and filter the information captured.

*How can you use the SQL Profiler to ensure database security?
*SQL Profiler can audit events like Security, User Activity and DBA Activity.
*Security events include granting, revoking or denying permissions of a user or role.
*End user activity like logins and logouts can be audited.Enabling of roles for an application can also be done.

When do you use SQL Profiler?
*When some queries are performing slowly
*To trace and monitor events of the SQL server
*When indexes need to be fine tuned
*When security is a concern, it can be used to audit and review security activities
*It can be used when troubleshooting to find root cause of an issue

What are the tasks performed by SQL Profiler?
*The SQL Profiler can save traces to a file or a table. These saved traces can be used by the SQL Server Index Tuning.
*To be able to execute a set of actions in the future, the traces can be saved to an SQL script.
*The SQL Profiler can directly replay the traces.
*It is also possible to sort and filter the information captured. This helps in finding performance bottlenecks or deadlocks in the application.

How can you use the SQL Profiler to ensure database security?
SQL Profiler can audit events like Security, User Activity and DBA Activity.
Security events include granting, revoking or denying permissions of a user or role.
End user activity like logins and logouts can be audited.Enabling of roles for an application can also be done.

How can you reduce the amount of data collected by a trace?
There are various options that you need to fill up before creating a new trace. It is always a better practice to use the default options unless you dont want to get into the details of the data provided by the trace.

There are a lot of events that you can audit. If you need to focus on a particular problem, then you can select the events needed and go through to determine the problem.

What is patindex and charindex in SQL

Patindex: Returns the string position of the first occurrence of pattern
Ex: Select patindex(‘%o%’, ‘Microsoft’)
Note: % is must
Charindex: Same as patindex but you can specify the string position.
Ex: charindex ( Expression1, Expression2 [ , start_location])

What is MSIL, IL

When compiling to managed code, the compiler translates your source code into Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL), which is a CPU-independent set of instructions that can be efficiently converted to native code. MSIL includes instructions for loading, storing, initializing, and calling methods on objects, as well as instructions for arithmetic and logical operations, control flow, direct memory access, exception handling, and other operations. Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) is a language used as the output of a number of compilers and as the input to a just-in-time (JIT) compiler. The common language runtime includes a JIT compiler for converting MSIL to native code.

Can I write IL programs directly

.assembly MyAssembly {}
.class MyApp {
.method static void Main() {
.entrypoint
ldstr "Hello, IL!"
call void System.Console::WriteLine(class System.Object)
ret
}
}
Just put this into a file called hello.il, and then run ilasm hello.il. An exe assembly will be generated.

What is Portable Executable (PE)

The file format defining the structure that all executable files (EXE) and Dynamic Link Libraries (DLL) must use to allow them to be loaded and executed by Windows. PE is derived from the Microsoft Common Object File Format (COFF). The EXE and DLL files created using the .NET Framework obey the PE/COFF formats and also add additional header and data sections to the files that are only used by the CLR.

What is serialization in .NET?

Serialization is the process of converting an object into a stream of bytes. Deserialization is the opposite process of creating an object from a stream of bytes. Serialization/Deserialization is mostly used to transport objects (e.g. during remoting), or to persist objects (e.g. to a file or database).Serialization can be defined as the process of storing the state of an object to a storage medium. During this process, the public and private fields of the object and the name of the class, including the assembly containing the class, are converted to a stream of bytes, which is then written to a data stream. When the object is subsequently deserialized, an exact clone of the original object is created.

• Binary serialization preserves type fidelity, which is useful for preserving the state of an object between different invocations of an application. For example, you can share an object between different applications by serializing it to the clipboard. You can serialize an object to a stream, disk, memory, over the network, and so forth. Remoting uses serialization to pass objects "by value" from one computer or application domain to another.

• XML serialization serializes only public properties and fields and does not preserve type fidelity. This is useful when you want to provide or consume data without restricting the application that uses the data. Because XML is an open standard, it is an attractive choice for sharing data across the Web. SOAP is an open standard, which makes it an attractive choice.
There are two separate mechanisms provided by the .NET class library - XmlSerializer and SoapFormatter/BinaryFormatter. Microsoft uses XmlSerializer for Web Services, and uses SoapFormatter/BinaryFormatter for remoting. Both are available for use in your own code.